This post is due by Tuesday, April 8 @ midnight for full credit.
Email late posts to rob.williamsATmadriver.com for partial credit.
Read our MEDIA@SOCIETY book, assigned chapter above.
In a SINGLE blog post below, provide for the chapter:
1. A single sentence, IYOW, that captures the chapter's THESIS (main argument).
2. THREE specific pieces of supporting documentation - ideas, concepts, stats, data - to bolster your thesis for the chapter. (Use 2 - 3 sentences for each.)
3. A single PERSONAL story of 3-4 sentences that connects the chapter directly with your own personal media experiences.
4. A SINGLE specific question you have after reading and blogging on the chapter.
Game on,
Dr. W
1) The internet is a reconfiguration of several different forms of media, but is still a distinct, innovative medium.
ReplyDelete2) Cable TV developed “narrowcasting,” which created many specialized programs and stations. The major networks no longer had the ability to create stories that an entire culture would be certain to watch and discuss. Though this model offers a greater amount and diversity of content, it is a “one-way broadcast model” and citizens and consumers are given little choice in what is offered (259). The internet allows for two-way communication, making direct and immediate feedback from consumers and message receivers possible.
Unlike other media, the internet clashes with the traditional business values of those who want to capitalize on it. Because of the open, decentralized nature of the web, consolidating ownership is difficult if not impossible. It is easy for individuals to make their voices heard, start their own websites, and challenge the mainstream views of society. Economic setbacks that other forms of media have experienced, such as print newspapers declining, are much less likely to affect the internet “because it was not designed to be an efficiently managed, hierarchically controlled, or tightly monitored system” (266). It is much more open and fluid than any form of media our culture has seen before.
The internet shows more than any other medium the digital divide between those citizens who have access to and are able to afford internet service and those who are not. This trend, which further divides affluent and less-affluent citizens, was evident with cable TV, which allowed consumers to have “separate levels of information and entertainment services” (271). Though the internet has great possibility for democratic discussion, the concept of the digital divide demonstrates that the number of voices that are currently being heard in this democratic forum are limited, and ideas are not reaching all citizens who would like to hear and respond to them.
3) The opening of this chapter talks about how media users will often criticize others for their constant attachment to a phone, computer, or video game, but are still plugged into these forms of media themselves. I can definitely relate to this ambivalent relationship with media. Sometimes when my friends and I are eating dinner, we’ll run out of things to say to each other, and when I look around we all have our phones out. Even as I am critical of this, I recognize that I am still a participant: my phone can still become a barrier to face-to-face communication, and I still spend more time than I should on the internet and less valuable time interacting with my peers. I think because I am almost always using one form of media or another, I forget what it’s like to not have that constant attachment, and to not feel the need to be involved with media in some way.
4) Is the internet always going to be as open and decentralized, or will a time come when it will more closely come to resemble the corporate model evidenced in cable television?
1. The internet has the capacity to both strengthen and undermine societal unity.
ReplyDelete2.
• The internet can be used as a tool to bring people together. For instance "when Katrina hit in 2005, the internet served as a message board to help reunite scattered evacuees from New Orleans and other small and large communities ravaged by the hurricane and flooding" (261) revealing the internet's power to facilitate communication. Websites such as Twitter have been key in organizing movements such as the Arab Spring and various protest movements in the United States and this reflects the internet's role as an instrument that enable like-minded citizens to rally around a cause.
• However, the internet can also serve to fragment members of society because "the cost of getting on the internet or buying cable and DBS packages will undermine equal access to information" (268). Therefore, those with greater purchasing power also have greater influence in a democracy because of their greater access to information. As a result, citizens will not form cohesive, informed group, but hierarchy of knowledge.
• Though it may seem counterintuitive, "the participatory nature of the discussions on the internet" can actually divide citizens as "internet users may be seeking out only those people whose beliefs and values are similar to their own" (272). Instead of encouraging communication with a variety of people, which would foster an engaging, challenging group dynamic, the internet allows users to find only those who share their opinions which serves to further fragment and polarize the viewpoints of the citizens.
3. Wikipedia offers an egalitarian system in which a high school student has as much right to collaborate on articles and entries as a college professor, and it also represents how with "'the spreading influence of the internet, we are trading authoritative and accurate for cheap and convenient'" according to Maclean (267). While the dissemination of knowledge and information should not be limited to a select few, not all are well suited for the responsibility. In seventh grade, a boy in my class replaced the Wikipedia article about milkshakes with lyrics to the popular Kelis song. Though his Wikipedia account was revoked after this incident, it underscore how a lack of professionalism can undermine everyone's ability to access reliable information in a system in which users without credentials can alter content of one of the internet's most visited websites.
4. How does Wikipedia fact check articles and how could this process be improved?
1.) Thesis
ReplyDeleteSince the media have played such a massive role in changing our culture and society, it also has the power to do the very same to democracy.
2.) Three Supporting Pieces of Documentation
- Media convergence: "The appearance of older media forms on the newest media channels" (254) have created the iPhone, iPad, and several other technologies that have become such a big part of our media culture that we often take their power for granted.
- Narrowcasting: "Moving away from the mass audience by providing specialized programming for diverse and fragmented groups" (259) plays a large political role in media culture: certain stories are targeted to specific groups to sway them in particular.
- Social Networking: Social networking has served as a base of one media company buying out another for several years. A primary example of this is Yahoo's attempting to buy out several other companies to "keep up with Google" (267).
3.) Personal Story
As awareness has begun to spread much more widely about a woman's stance in the media and in democracy, several stories have been projected to us (narrowcasting) that target us alone as a demographic, even though we aren't the ones that need this information projected to us. For example: information about a woman's role in video games is typically a topic discussed amongst women only- shouldn't it be young boys getting this information?
4.) Question
Has narrowcasting been a consistently effective method for the media?
1.The Internet is a medium within of our society that holds an immense amount of power and control.
ReplyDelete2.
• The telegraph, which was invented in the 1840’s, created the transition from an industrial society to an informational print-based society. This was a major turning point, as news became a valuable commodity especially in business and the military as it made it easier to communicate and organize operations efficiently and quickly.
• “..The central questions raised be the evolution of contemporary media and technology have to do with their impact on democratic life: whether we are more or less involved in the political decisions of our nation, especially in times of national crises..” Back in chapter 3 we learned how the news could fluctuate our already preceded opinions especially in politics. I have always considered this to be true, how can information not sway us one way or the other if it is biased? (257).
• The digital divide is what is known as "the growing contrast between information 'haves', or digital highway users who can afford to acquire multiple media services, and information 'have-nots'..(268). Internet is expensive and those who have the luxury to access it are more educated in terms of news over those who cannot afford it or do not have access to it.
3. Miss representation touches upon the media stories in which women are targeted or spoken of in a negative, sexist light. The problem is men are mostly the ones who are presenting these new stories, which make matters worse, as they are derogatory towards women, especially those in political positions. This let alone causes a digital divide in some respects because women aren't viewed by Media to have a voice leading to a divide within sexes.
4. Will there always continue to be a digital divide within our world or will others eventually have access to the Internet (especially those in third world countries)?
1. A paradox exists in which we crave the slower pace of previous generations, yet we relish in the technology of the future. This technology offers another paradox; we are offered a wealth of information but we only seek out the information that interests us personally.
ReplyDelete2. -As the Internet developed, cable television redefined narrowcasting – “moving away from the mass audience by providing specialized programming for diverse and fragmented groups” (259). Television understood that with the emergence of the Internet, consumers were now free to pick and choose which media they wanted to participate in. To keep television alive, cable companies had to create shows that targeted a specific group.
-“First, [the Internet] is interactive, enabling receivers to respond almost immediately to senders’ messages. Second, its various sites enable many traditional media, such as books, magazines, and films, to appear on computer or smartphone screens. Third, it allows individuals inexpensively to create and distribute their own messages, authorizing users to become significant producers rather than just passive consumers of media content” (261). The conveniences of the Internet are undeniable. Users have so much freedom with what they consume and what they ignore.
-“In such a decentralized system, millions of message groups send out bits of information, allowing millions of other interested users to receive and respond. Instead of the few-to-many model of traditional media, the Internet offers more opportunities for both one-to-one and many-to-many communication encounters” (272). There are “millions of messages” to be receive on the Internet, but we have to choose to search for these messages. We have complete control on which messages we receive because the Internet offers so many messages to us.
3. My dad is probably the least tech-savvy person I know. Whenever something happens, he always seems to be the last to know. I think this is because everyone else around me has a Twitter account or a Facebook profile, so they are always up to date on major events. Since my dad does not have social networks, he always has to wait for a news station to report something either later that day or the next day. This is why the Internet and social networks are so convenient; the news, although potentially inaccurate, is always reported more quickly on the Internet.
4. Since the emergence of the Internet, have news stations had a change in what type of stories they report?
1. Media and technologies have greatly developed over recent years leading to many advances and much power in society.
ReplyDelete2. Society has moved into an Information Era that began in the 1840s with the invention of the telegraph. This lead to instant messages, made information a commodity, gave businesses easier communication, and “prefigured future technological developments” (page 253).
“Ironically, one of the most hierarchically structured and centrally organized institutions in our culture, the national defense industry, created the Internet, probably the least hierarchical and most decentralized social and technical network every conceived” (page 257). The internet was created with power so that no single person could run everyone else out of the system or off then network.
“Americans…have often touted emerging mass media for their potential contributions to democracy and culture throughout the twentieth century” (271). Media plays a key role in the formation of our culture and social interaction.
3. I was talking to my Nana a few weeks ago comparing the games we played as children. My Nana, an 88 year-old Irish-Catholic woman, used to play “mass” with her brothers and cousins, replaying the Eucharist with candy wafers. My brothers and I, on the other hand, would play cops and robbers, chasing each other around the yard. When reading this chapter, I couldn’t help but wonder about the social interaction of children in today’s society and in the future. Between Ipads, Iphones, and the Internet, it seems they have an endless supply of socially confining games that can be extremely isolating.
4. How will the constant advancement of technology and endless information at our fingertips influence our culture and the relationships we form?
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ReplyDelete1. Because it has both enhanced our lives and harmed our lives, the relationship between our society and technology is paradoxical: though we can't seem to resist it and relish being constantly connected, we long for the slower-paced, less-distracted past.
ReplyDelete2. The turning of the millennium was accompanied by the age of media convergence. Oral communication is conveniently reconfigured to email, twitter, texting, television has been transformed into Netflix and Hulu, and radio stations have become second to MP3 players…and the internet contains it ALL. Convergence offers more choice and flexibility, but has led to the consolidation of corporations—oligopolies, which are dangerous in numerous ways.
With the development of media platforms, the landscape has been redefined and the concept of narrowcasting has become extremely important. Narrowcasting means placing importance on providing programs for a specialized audience instead of a mass audience. Essentially, this was an optimization of control. Today, “governments, corporations, and public and private interests vie to control the evolution of this relatively new medium (the internet) (261).”
The development of the internet is due largely to amateurs—students, engineers, computer geeks—and in this, the medium is unique. This means that the internet is a medium in which everyone can have a voice. But it also has drawbacks: the overflowing circulation of spam, the vast inaccurate publications, and the convenience of a virtual meeting place for those with bad intentions, like drug dealers and terrorists.
3. This chapter details briefly about the mixed feelings people have about technology. Although I’m in a very tech-savvy generation of people, I feel like I agree with older generations’ opinions on technology more: that it is taking over, and this is not a good thing. I grew up in a home without television, very limited computer use, and didn’t have a cell phone until high school (not a smartphone until college) and I relished playing outside all day with my friends, something that seems to be going out of style very quickly. Which is definitely not cool! I can recognize that technology has enhanced a lot of aspects of our lives, but—and maybe this is stupid—I’m nostalgic for the times when it wasn’t so relied upon.
4. Is the seemingly infinite accessibility to information that the internet brings making us smarter or more distracted?
1. The Internet has brought people the information and experience of multiple different media, it also carries the power and influence that new media has over people.
ReplyDelete2. “The Internet embodies convergence, and three innovations in particular make the Internet a distinct medium”(261) Those three innovations are that it’s interactive, “its various sites enable many traditional media, such as books, magazines, and films”(261) , and it gives its users the freedom to spread their messages with out spending a ton of money. Along with being able to spread messages for little to no money, many websites “can be designed on an ordinary word processing program that has a feature for writing hypertext commands”(262) making it not only cheap, but relatively easy. The Internet has also opened up opportunities for communication with people world wide, called social networking for which there are numerous websites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, etc. that allow its users to share pictures, statuses and messages with their friends and colleagues.
3. I find the Internet’s openness fascinating. I think the majority of this fascination is from curiosity of others’ opinions. I am both interested for the purpose of gaining a new perspective of certain topics, but I also find it kind of funny to read some of the forums and comment sections of websites when people are convinced they have the every mystery of the world figured out
4. What’s the likelihood that another technological innovation will be able to incorporate as many different media as the Internet, along with bringing something new to the table?
IYOW: We have shifted from the industrial revolution to the technological revolution, with media becoming more relevant and important in our day to day lives.
ReplyDelete1. The old is blending with the new to create a different form of media and accessibility. "Media convergence refers to the appearance of older media forms on the newest media channel--for example, magazine articles or TV programs now accessible on the Internet." (254) Because of this, the old form is beginning to die out and the new form is taking over, for example, newspapers are now going online and the amount of newspapers sold is extremely decreased.
2. Media are also getting smarter, they are learning to adapt to their audience and make changes based off of what the people want. "Preceding the development of the Internet, cable television had begun altering the media landscape by redefining the concept of narrowcasting--moving away from the mass audience by providing specialized programming for diverse and fragmented groups." (259) This, like the shift from paper to internet, is one of the ways media are adapting to better fit peoples needs.
3. Though media are moving forward, they may also be leaving some in the dust. "Mimicking the economic disparity between rich and poor that grew more pronounced starting in the 1980's and continues today, the term digital divide refers to the growing contrast between information 'haves,' or digital highway users who can afford to acquire multiple media services, and information 'have-nots,' or users who may not be able to afford cable, a computer, and the monthly bills for service connections, much less the many options now available to more affluent citizens." (268) With all the advancements and changes that are happening constantly, it is understandable that people who cannot afford it, or the older generation who didn't grow up with it, are unfamiliar and unwilling to adjust to these new technologies.
Story: Growing up in the San Francisco Bay Area, I was exposed to a lot of different cultures. My school was a mix of white, latino, asian, and pacific islander predominantly. The television channels were in English, but we also had a couple in Mandarin, Cantonese, and Spanish. I didn't think too much of it, just that they were the channels between 15 and 30 that we would skip over to get to our shows. Over winter break, I was watching the Spanish news and thinking about all the different routes I could go down with my double major, and I realized how that possibility of combining media studies and Spanish may not be practical in a lot of areas. Because I grew up in a very influenced area, it didn't seem out of reach to have this career path. But in Vermont, the opportunity is far less for me.
Question: What is the biggest advantage and disadvantage to the constantly moving and changing technology?
1. Like many other technological developments, the internet is responsible for both restricting and uniting society.
ReplyDelete2.
• While the internet promises democracy, the question of exactly how much democracy lingers. With our government and major corporations such as Google controlling our every move on the internet, our power seems relatively weak. Also, majority of the internet is dominated by commercial interests (272).
• Blogs and comment-sections of certain articles allow individuals to interact with the rest of the world. However, while this may seem like it is uniting us, it is also blamed for the separation of many people. “Media in Society” states that when people browse the internet or even watch particular channels on television, they are only doing what is of interest to them rather than understanding other perspectives. As a result, they will not be able to effectively communicate with others.
• “Media in Society” also describes the ‘digital divide’ in not only the United States but in many parts of the world. Since everyone is does not have the privilege of having internet access or owning a computer, they are not awarded the same opportunities overall which, in my opinion, will only widen the gap between the rich and the poor.
3. While I prefer Google when doing research, I find myself almost subconsciously typing in ‘Yahoo.com’. One of the reasons why I instantly go to Yahoo is because literally almost everything that is going on is either ‘Trending Now’ or on the 90-page slideshow that fills the top of my screen when I access the search engine. “Media in Society” states that this is how many companies are able to keep their customers/users – by putting everything they need on one page and allowing them to customize it as well.
4. Will there be another technological development that has as great of an impact as the internet in the coming centuries?
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ReplyDeleteNew media technologies have created a paradoxical culture where new technological convergences are embraced by society such as smartphones but then declared detrimental to social aspects of society and a simpler life is praised.
ReplyDeleteSupporting Documentation:
~There are 4 main phases for new media innovations. First is the developmental stage where the inventors/creators try to solve a problem such as making pictures move, transmitting through wires, or sending mail via Internet. The second phase is the entrepreneurial phase they determine the business/marketable aspects of the new innovation. The third phase is a breakthrough to the mass medium stage where the entrepreneur managers work out how to apply the product to the consumer world for offices or home use and lastly the final stage is the convergence stage where the old form of the media technology is molded into different media such as digital tablets
~Cable television altered the media landscape by redefining the concept of narrowcasting. Narrowcasting is moving away from the mass audience by providing specialized programming for diverse and fragmented groups (259). “As cable channels have become more and more like specialized magazines or radio formats, they have siphoned off viewers from ABC, CBS, NBC, undermining the networks’ former role as programmers-in-chief, providing shared stories in our common culture (250).
~We in our culture, fear words such as synthetic, manufactured, and artificial and praise words such as natural, real, and authentic but we then support the first three words because of our attachment to new gadgets and technologies. “We like the ease of e-mail and texting, and fast access to Internet information” (251). We enjoy being able to access anything from our smartphones or accessing any TV show episode desired on Netflix.
Personal Story:
I’m a daily critic on people’s attachments to their smartphones because I don’t have one myself. I’m a constant advocate for living a more simple life where our phones aren’t checked every five minutes, but in reality I am just as much a part of the paradox as everyone else because even though I critique smartphone obsession due to my lack of one, I am at the same time saving money to buy one for myself. Being without a smartphone has made me have a greater vision of how they affect people negatively in social aspects of life, but at the same time I want this new media gadget for myself. In reality, I am a smartphone hypocrite.
Will this paradox fade away in the future and people will soon forget about the simple life that is constantly praised?
Chapter 10:
ReplyDeleteThesis: New technology has made it hard to avoid screens; we use the technology for everything, and using it has both positive and negative qualities.
Support:
1. Everything we do deals with some sort of technology, even waking up in the morning, making coffee, and going to work involves technology and technology used with other technology; “everyday life has become so technologically complex that we use one machine to blot out another” (252).
2. In the digital era everything is online; how you communicate, your entertainment, your work, what you buy, and other parts of everyday life. Until recently these were all on separate technologies, however with the advent of smartphones in particular every part of everyday life converges onto one technology; “mass media of today can reach us in an ever-expanding variety of formats—often converged into single multimedia devices” (256).
3. With this new media there can be a more specialized approach to the media landscape which is the model mass media is moving towards, called narrowcasting. This utilizing the internet moves “away from the mass audience by providing specialized programming for diverse and fragmented groups” (259).
Story: My parents always criticize when a group of teenagers when they are all together but all on their phones, so they did not let me get a smartphone until the end of my senior year of high school. I definitely think that younger people, especially middle-schoolers should not have smartphones. At a drama summer camp I volunteered with I worked with mainly middle-schoolers and we had to take away their cell phones when we had our final dress rehearsals and shows because they were so attached.
Question: With the trend of narrowcasting will major current events be as well know publicly?
1. Media and technology have enhanced our society; at the same time, they also have brought trouble into our society.
ReplyDelete2. A) With the development of media and technologies, cable television creative a new plan to appeal audiences. They make or direct shows based on different groups of people. These groups divided by different age, gender, and hobby of people. For example, Cable televisions often offer the shows about romance, beauty, and cooking for female.
B) The appearance of the media convergence is a milestone in the media history. The original communication by oral or letters has became the Facebook, Twitter, What’sApp, Weibo, Wechat , and email. The radio stations became more convenient for listeners --- We can listen the radio from Internet or smartphone. Also, the traditional radio station is challenged by some apps that offer many kinds of radio stations. Listeners can listen the record of radio in the past time and have more choices. Besides, people can see the movie or TV shows in Hulu or you Youtube. In China, people always use Tudo, Aiqiyi, Youku, which like Youtube, to see movies, TV shows for free.
C) However, one coin has two sides. When the media platforms have been increased, a lot of people have been addicted in the media software and TV shows. They spend a lot of time in Facebook, Twitter, the scandals or star or politicians. In addition, Internet is a platform to gather people’s opinions, but some of them are extreme. The extreme opinion will mislead teenagers.
3. Last week, a Chinese actor Zhang Wen has a scandal about betraying his wife. There are almost 2 million Weibo users commented his letter of apology, and almost 1.3 million Weibo users reposted his letter. His wife’s information of reflection to this scandal was liked by 2.5 million users, reposted by almost 0.7 million users, and commented by almost 1.3 million users. The influence of this thing dive the process that Sina Corporation to become Nasdaq-listed because investors see the development prospect of this company. It is just a scandal, in my mind; it could not be an honor to spread to all over the world. To people’s surprise, BBC and other famous foreign media platform all reports this scandal. It shows the influence of media platform. However, it also let Chinese people forget to track MH370 events. I do not think this is a good thing. The media drive the developments of economy and communication in the world, but it also mixed the focus of people.
4.What it the main duty of media? How media guide people to have a positive life?
1. The changing media carries many good and bad connotations, unifying society and tearing apart society being one, though media is being a very important part of everyday life.
ReplyDelete2. a. Media convergence is the appearance of old media on new media platforms. For example, ebooks would be an example of convergence because it is a book, old media, online or on a tablet, new media platform.
b. There are four phases to new media innovations, development stage, entrepreneurial phase, mass media stage and convergence stage. The development stage is when inventors try to solve a certain problem. The entrepreneurial phase is when they try to find a marketable use for the new technology. The third phase, mass medium stage, is when they try to find a way to market it to home or the office. The final stage, convergence stage, is when old media is changed into new media forms. They do not disappear but simply new media is added.
c. A new way to specialize media is called narrowcasting which is providing specialized programming for diverse or fragmented groups. This is how they find TV shows that are specifically made for certain groups of people.
3. In my Media Revolutions class, we spent a lot of time looking at media convergence. We looked at convergence for every type of media. From newspapers to books to radio or television. I found how much things have changed from the beginning was incredible. What I found even more incredible was how much things have changed in the last 10 years. The technological advances in the last 10 years have been baffling.
4. In the next 10 years how much convergence will media go through?
Fantastic reflections here, colleagues - convergence, narrowcasting, and social networking - oh my!
ReplyDeleteFinish up your DREAMWEAVER sites - I'll check them on Friday.
Dr. Rob
1. Because various forms of media have become an integral part of our daily lives, we as a society have become both wary of the technological advancement's ability to take up much of our time but yet we also tend to embrace technological innovation when given the chance.
ReplyDelete2. - Conservative media figureheads and political leaders offer persistent criticism of the "mainstream media," but yet Campbell argues that despite their resistance to change, they embrace technological innovation because it is a major agent of change in our contemporary world.
-Media offers an ease to daily functions, including communication. Although we might criticize someone for being glued to their computer or cell phone screen, we tend to use email, send texts, and use our smartphones more often than most people realize.
- Campbell explains that everyday life has become so technologically complex that we "use one machine to blot out another." An example he provides is that we use headphones to block out street noise and the rumble of traffic.
3. I personally remember what it was like before my friends and I all got smartphones, and I feel as though although we are able to more easily communicate now, the communications are not as meaningful. I miss when it was harder to get in touch through a technological device, and therefore we would rather meet up in person and talk about life, just generally enjoying our time together. However, I don't know what I would do without my smartphone, for it is present in almost every aspect of my life. I use it to text, call, go on Facebook, email, research for homework, schedule appointments, and much more. It is very useful, especially because it lessens the amount of things I have to keep in mind throughout the busy college day and alerts me when there is something I need to take care of.
4. Will our relationships ever become as superficial as the world of Feed now that technology is moving in a direction of rapid advancement and extreme convergence?
Our media world has been in existence for the entire life of our country, and has been developed and redefined countless times to reach the convergent and informational landscape of today.
ReplyDelete-The development of the telegraph directly impacted the evolution of modern media. The industrial, print-based media world of the 1800s was completely shattered to make way for the Information Era that marked the beginning of the 20th Century.
-The introduction of film and radio as media outlets in the early 1900s were early indications of our development towards an electronic informational era.
-Media convergence, our modern media landscape, took form at the turn of the 21st Century with the rise of the internet. Traditional media outlets, like newspapers and television and radio, are now available online.
Although it's all I know, media convergence affects me every day. All of my media, like news, music, and television, are available on the internet. I don't need anything other than Twitter to learn everything for a particular day, and I only need Facebook to communicate with others (if I so chose).
What is the future of our media? Will we see major technological and media developments that rival television, radio, and [ultimately] the internet?